ANALISIS SISTEM PENGELOLAAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK LIMBAH CAIR MEDIS DI PUSKESMAS RAWAT INAP KOTA KUPANG

Abstract

Medical wastewater is one of the waste types generated by healthcare facilities and has the potential to pollute the environment if not properly managed in accordance with standards. This study aimed to analyze the management system and characteristics of medical wastewater in inpatient community health centers (Puskesmas) in Kupang City. The research employed a descriptive design with the population consisting of all community health centers in Kupang City, while the study sample comprised three inpatient Puskesmas: Bakunase, Alak, and Pasir Panjang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and laboratory analysis of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia, and pH parameters. The results showed that Bakunase Puskesmas applied a biodegradation system, with laboratory results of BOD 144 mg/L, COD 228 mg/L, and ammonia 12 mg/L, all exceeding the quality standards, while pH 7.62 met the standard. Alak Puskesmas applied a biological method (anaerobic-aerobic biofilter tank), with results of BOD 40 mg/L, COD 46 mg/L, ammonia 9 mg/L, and pH 8.93, in which all parameters met the standards except BOD. Pasir Panjang Puskesmas employed a physical method (equalization and activated sludge), with BOD 72 mg/L exceeding the standard, while COD 19 mg/L, ammonia 10 mg/L, and pH 7.51 complied with the standards. The findings indicate that the medical wastewater management systems in the three inpatient Puskesmas of Kupang City have implemented chemical, biological, and physical methods; however, several parameters (particularly BOD) still failed to meet environmental quality standards. Regular monitoring and optimization of wastewater treatment plants (IPAL) are required to minimize the potential risk of environmental pollution.